What characterizes the infiltration of IV fluid into interstitial skin?

The infiltration of intravenous (IV) fluid into the interstitial skin is characterized primarily by cool and swollen extremities. This occurs when the IV fluid leaks out of the vein and into the surrounding tissues. When this happens, the area typically becomes swollen due to fluid accumulation, and the affected skin may feel cool to the touch. This is a key indicator of infiltration, distinguishing it from other potential complications, as the cooler temperature is a result of the fluid not being properly delivered into the bloodstream.

In contrast, bright red discoloration may indicate phlebitis or inflammation rather than just infiltration. Pain and tenderness at the injection site could suggest local irritation or more serious conditions like thrombosis, rather than the primary characteristic of infiltration itself. Severe fever and chills are typically associated with infections or systemic reactions rather than a localized event like fluid infiltration into skin tissues. These distinctions are important for recognizing and managing potential complications related to IV therapy effectively.